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Overview

Bubur Ayam

Indonesian Chicken Congee; Chicken Rice Porridge

This bubur ayam recipe simmers jasmine rice in water with chicken, ginger and turmeric until the grains break down into a soft, golden porridge. The chicken is lifted out and shredded, then each bowl is finished with fried shallots, celery, spring onions, crisp cakwe crackers, kecap manis and a spoonful of sambal on the side. One serving is about 550 g.

Bubur ayam grew out of Chinese chicken congee, adapted with ingredients found in Indonesia — cakwe, preserved vegetables, soy sauce and kecap manis — until it became a dish of its own. Travelling vendors push their carts through residential streets every morning, and the porridge is sold everywhere from small warung stalls to five-star hotels. Because it is always served hot and soft, it is a classic Indonesian comfort food, gentle enough for children and for anyone recovering from illness.

Pairs well with: Serve hot with sweet tea and extra cakwe on the side.

Provenance

Indonesia flag Indonesia

Indonesian Breakfast Classic

East & South Asia

Time Dedication

1h 15m

15m prep • 60m cook

Batch Yield

4 Servings

496 kcal per serving

1 serving ≈ 550 g

Technical Skill

Easy

Easy (One Pot)

Meal Timing & Digestive Fit

Breakfast

Prime Morning Fit

Lunch

Inappropriate

Dinner

Inappropriate

Snack & Tea

Inappropriate

Soups & Broths Occasions: Family breakfast, street-food mornings, gentle meal when unwell, late-night supper Cost: Low — about $2–3 per serving at home
A bowl of bubur ayam — golden chicken rice porridge topped with shredded chicken, crisp cakwe, fried shallots and spring onions.

Indonesian Breakfast Classic

Photo: Sakurai Midori, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The Heritage Formulary

Measured Ingredients

Estimated cost: Low — about $2–3 per serving at home (USD)

The rice is stirred regularly so it breaks down into a smooth porridge and never catches on the bottom of the pot.

Execution Methodology & Culinary Technique

Step-by-Step Cooking Guide

Active 1h 15m
P

Prep Stage: Toppings Ready, Pot on the Stove

15 Mins • Knife Work

Rinse the rice, slice the ginger, bruise the garlic, chop the celery and spring onions, tear the cakwe into pieces and boil the eggs if using them — everything should be ready before the pot goes on, because the porridge needs regular stirring once it simmers.

Maestro Tip: Rinse the rice well: it keeps the porridge from turning gluey and grey.

  1. 1

    Simmer the Rice and Chicken

    60 Mins • Mostly Hands Off Gentle simmer, about 95°C (203°F)

    Put the rinsed rice, 1.6 L water, the whole chicken breasts, ginger, garlic, turmeric and salt in a large pot. Bring to a boil, skim off any foam, then turn down to the gentlest simmer and cook for 55–60 minutes, stirring every 10 minutes. The rice grains should break down completely into a soft, golden porridge, and the chicken must be hot all the way through, 74°C (165°F).

    Stirring every 10 minutes is the whole secret — rice porridge catches and burns fast if it sits still.

    Done when: Porridge is thick and smooth, rice grains broken down, chicken cooked through.

  2. 2

    Lift Out and Shred the Chicken

    10 Mins • Hands On Off the heat, chicken resting, about 70°C (158°F)

    Lift the chicken breasts out onto a plate and let them cool for 5 minutes. Shred them into bite-size strips with two forks, discarding the ginger and garlic. Stir the shredded chicken back into the porridge or set it aside for topping.

    Shredding while the chicken is still warm is much easier than waiting until it is cold.

    Done when: Chicken shreds easily into fine strips with no pink left.

  3. 3

    Season the Porridge

    5 Mins • Hands On Low heat, about 90°C (194°F)

    Stir the 20 ml soy sauce and the white pepper into the porridge. Taste and add a pinch more salt only if it needs it — the porridge should taste gently salty, with the turmeric in the background, because the kecap manis and sambal add more seasoning at the table.

    Season lightly here: the toppings carry most of the salt.

    Done when: Porridge tastes gently salty and golden, not grey or bland.

  4. 4

    Prepare the Toppings

    10 Mins • Hands On No heat — room temperature, about 20°C (68°F)

    While the porridge simmers, chop the celery and spring onions, tear the cakwe into bite-size pieces, halve the boiled eggs if using them, and put the fried shallots, kecap manis and sambal in small bowls on the table.

    Keep the cakwe dry until serving, or it goes soft in seconds.

    Done when: All toppings are cut, torn and ready before the porridge leaves the pot.

  5. 5

    Serve with the Toppings

    5 Mins • Hands On Serving temperature, about 70°C (158°F)

    Ladle the porridge into 4 warm bowls. Pile the shredded chicken on top, then scatter over the fried shallots, celery and spring onions, add the cakwe and half an egg, and drizzle with kecap manis. Put the sambal on the table so everyone seasons their own bowl.

    Warm bowls keep the porridge hot to the last spoonful.

    Done when: Each bowl is golden, topped with chicken, green herbs and crisp cakwe.

Finishing Touches & Plating

Ladle the porridge into warm bowls, pile the shredded chicken on top, and finish with the toppings — the crunch of the cakwe against the soft porridge is what makes the dish.

Nutritional Physiology & Benefits

Nutrition

Energy

496

kcal / serving

Protein

40g

Complete AA

Carbs

57g

Complex

Fats

11g

Healthy

Per serving (4 servings · 1 serving ≈ 550 g)
Energy496 kcal
Protein40 g
Carbohydrates57 g
Fat11 g
Fibre1.8 g
Sugar4.6 g
Sodium883 mg
Per 100g
Energy90 kcal
Protein7.2 g
Carbohydrates10.3 g
Fat1.9 g
Fibre0.3 g
Sugar0.8 g
Sodium160 mg

Nutrition values are estimated — calculated from USDA FoodData Central values for the listed ingredients.

Vitamins & minerals: Vitamin B6 and niacin (chicken), vitamin K (celery and spring onions), iron (chicken and egg).

High in Protein

About 40 g of protein per serving, from chicken and egg, makes this a genuinely filling breakfast that keeps you full until lunch.

Gentle on the Stomach

Soft, well-cooked rice porridge is one of the gentlest foods on the stomach, which is why it is a classic comfort food when you feel unwell.

Toppings Do the Work

Celery, spring onions, ginger and turmeric add flavour and colour without extra fat, and the toppings let everyone season their own bowl.

Food Pairings

What to Eat With

To optimize nutrient absorption and elevate the sensory depth, pair with these authentic accompaniments:

Drinks

Hot Sweet Tea

Hot sweet tea is the classic drink with bubur ayam — the sweetness balances the salty, savoury porridge.

Sides

Extra Cakwe

Extra cakwe on the side means every spoonful can have crunch; the fried dough soaks up the broth without going soggy at once.

Kerupuk Crackers

Kerupuk crackers add a second kind of crunch and a little salt, and they are the traditional street-stall accompaniment.

Vegetables

Sliced Cucumber

Cool cucumber slices clean the palate between spoonfuls of warm, rich porridge.

Complete menu

Start with the bubur ayam itself as the main course, with hot sweet tea and extra cakwe on the side, and finish with sliced tropical fruit.

Digestive Guardrails

What NOT to Combine

To prevent digestive distress, sluggishness, or palate clash, avoid pairing the dish with these elements:

Undercooked Chicken

Chicken must be cooked right through to 74°C (165°F) — undercooked chicken can carry harmful bacteria. Simmer until the meat shreds easily and is hot all the way through. This is general food-safety information, not medical advice.

Sambal and Sensitive Stomachs

Sambal is served on the side for a reason: the chilli can irritate sensitive stomachs. Start with a small spoonful and add more only if you enjoy the heat. This is general food information, not medical advice.

General information only, not medical advice — consult a doctor for personal dietary decisions.

Who Should Eat It

Who Should Eat

  • General adultsA warm, filling breakfast that suits most adults; keep the sambal on the side if you prefer it mild.
  • ChildrenSoft porridge and boneless shredded chicken are easy for children to eat; serve the sambal separately and skip it for young children.
  • ElderlyGentle, soft and easy to chew, with good protein; serve it warm, not piping hot.
  • Pregnant womenA nourishing breakfast with well-cooked chicken; make sure the chicken reaches 74°C (165°F) and keep the sambal mild.
  • Breastfeeding womenHigh in protein and easy to digest, which suits recovery after birth; the soy sauce makes it fairly salty, so keep the portion moderate.
  • AthletesAbout 40 g of protein per serving makes it a strong recovery breakfast, with rice for carbohydrate.
  • Weight gainEnergy-dense enough to help add calories, especially with an egg and extra cakwe on top.
  • Weight lossAt 496 kcal a serving it is a substantial breakfast; keep the toppings light and skip the extra kecap manis if you are watching calories.

Health Conditions — Adjust or Avoid

Conditions

  • DiabetesAbout 57 g of carbohydrate per serving, mostly from rice; the kecap manis adds sugar, so use it lightly and ask your clinician.
  • High blood pressureSodium is about 883 mg per serving, mostly from soy sauce and salt; keep the added soy sauce light and ask your clinician about portion size.
  • Kidney diseaseProtein is high, so people with kidney disease should ask their clinician about portion size.
  • GoutChicken and rice are low in purines; the dish is generally fine for gout, but keep portions moderate and ask your clinician.
  • Stomach issuesSoft porridge is usually kind to the stomach, but sambal and fried shallots can trigger reflux — keep the chilli on the side and ask your clinician if symptoms persist.
  • Cardiovascular diseaseLow in saturated fat and made with lean chicken, so it fits a heart-friendly pattern better than many fried breakfasts — ask your clinician.
  • Fatty liverLow in fat and easy to digest, which suits a fatty-liver diet, but keep the fried toppings light and ask your clinician.
  • Food allergiesContains egg, wheat (cakwe and soy sauce) and soy. The cakwe may also contain sesame — check labels if any of these are a concern.
  • Special therapeutic dietsThis is a general-information recipe, not a therapeutic diet. Anyone on a prescribed diet should ask their clinician or dietitian before making it a regular meal.

If you have a medical condition, consult your doctor before changing your diet.

Storage & Use

Storage & Use

How to store
Cool quickly and store the porridge in a sealed container; keep cakwe and fried shallots in a dry bag.
In the fridge
Keeps 2 days refrigerated; store toppings separately.
In the freezer
Not recommended — the porridge turns gluey and the toppings go soft when thawed.
How to reheat
Warm gently in a saucepan over low heat to 74°C (165°F), adding a splash of water to loosen it.
Freezing recommended
No — cook it fresh, or store the porridge alone in the fridge.
Signs it has spoiled
Sour smell, slimy surface, or mould — discard if any of these appear.

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