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Overview

Rawon

Rawon Setan, Nasi Rawon, Black Beef Soup

This rawon recipe is East Java's famous black beef soup: beef shin simmered until tender in a dark, nutty broth coloured by keluak nuts, with a fried spice paste of shallot, garlic, ginger and turmeric. It is served hot with steamed rice, bean sprouts, fried shallots and a spoon of sambal. One serving is about 450 g of soup, before rice.

Rawon is one of the oldest dishes of Java: it is mentioned as rarawwan in the Taji inscription of 901 CE, from the era of the Mataram kingdom. The black colour comes from keluak, the seed of the kepayang tree, which must be boiled before use because it is poisonous raw. Surabaya and Malang in East Java are the most famous rawon cities, and in 2012 the Indonesian Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy named rawon one of the country's 30 traditional culinary icons. In 2024, TasteAtlas readers rated rawon the world's best soup.

Pairs well with: Steamed rice, bean sprouts & sambal

Provenance

Indonesia flag Indonesia

East Javanese Classic

East & South Asia

Time Dedication

2h 30m

30m prep • 120m cook

Batch Yield

4 Servings

654 kcal per serving

1 serving ≈ 450 g

Technical Skill

Intermediate

Medium (Long Simmer)

Meal Timing & Digestive Fit

Breakfast

Not Advised

Lunch

Hearty Midday Main

Dinner

Ideal Hearty Main

Snack & Tea

Inappropriate

Soups & Broths Occasions: Family dinners, cold evenings, festive meals, East Javanese food nights Cost: Low — about $3–4 per serving at home
Tags: Beef Savory Soup
A bowl of rawon, black beef soup with tender beef chunks, served with rice, bean sprouts and sambal

East Javanese Classic

Photo: christian r from Jakarta, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The Heritage Formulary

Measured Ingredients

Estimated cost: Low — about $3–4 per serving at home (USD)

A home-style rawon with beef shin simmered in a black keluak broth, served with rice, sprouts and sambal.

Execution Methodology & Culinary Technique

Step-by-Step Cooking Guide

Active 2h 30m
P

Prep Stage: Keluak and Spice Paste

30 Mins • Paste and Nuts

Crack the keluak nuts and scoop out the black flesh, then boil it for 10 minutes and soak it while you peel and chop the shallots, garlic, candlenuts, ginger, galangal and chillies for the paste. Toast the shrimp paste in a dry pan. Everything goes into the blender together, so have it all ready before the oil heats.

Maestro Tip: Keluak flesh is poisonous raw — never taste it before it has been boiled and cooked in the soup.

  1. 1

    Soak and Prepare the Keluak

    20 Mins Boiling water, 100°C (212°F)

    Crack the keluak nuts with the back of a heavy knife and scoop out the black flesh. Boil the flesh in water for 10 minutes, drain, then soak it in fresh hot water for 10 minutes more. Drain and set aside.

    If a nut smells sharp or chemical, throw it away — good keluak smells nutty and earthy.

    Done when: The flesh is soft, black and smells nutty, not sharp.

  2. 2

    Fry the Spice Paste

    10 Mins Medium heat, about 175°C (350°F)

    Blend the keluak flesh, shallots, garlic, candlenuts, turmeric, ginger, chillies, galangal and toasted shrimp paste with a splash of water into a thick paste. Heat the oil in a large pot and fry the paste for about 8 minutes, stirring, until it darkens and the oil separates at the edges.

    Fry the paste until it truly darkens — a pale paste makes a pale, flat broth.

    Done when: The paste is dark, fragrant and glossy with oil at the edges.

  3. 3

    Simmer the Beef

    90 Mins Gentle simmer, about 95°C (203°F)

    Add the beef chunks and the water to the pot with the lemongrass knot. Bring to a boil, skim off any foam, then lower the heat to a gentle simmer and cook, partly covered, for about 90 minutes until the beef is very tender. Keep the broth at a gentle simmer and check the beef is cooked through to at least 71°C (160°F).

    Skim the foam in the first 10 minutes — it keeps the broth clear and clean-tasting.

    Done when: The beef yields easily to a fork and the broth is deep black.

  4. 4

    Season and Finish the Broth

    10 Mins Simmer, about 95°C (203°F)

    Stir in the tamarind paste, palm sugar and salt. Taste and adjust: a little more tamarind if it is too rich, a pinch more salt if it is flat. Remove the lemongrass knot and discard it.

    Season at the end — the broth reduces as it simmers and salt added early can overshoot.

    Done when: The broth tastes deep, nutty and savoury, with a gentle sour lift.

  5. 5

    Serve with Rice and Sprouts

    5 Mins Serving hot, about 70°C (158°F)

    Ladle the hot soup into bowls, making sure each bowl gets beef and plenty of broth. Top with bean sprouts, spring onions and fried shallots, and serve with steamed rice and sambal on the side.

    Serve the sprouts raw on top — they wilt just enough in the hot broth and stay crisp.

    Done when: The soup is steaming hot, the beef is tender, and the sprouts are still crisp.

Finishing Touches & Plating

Serve the rawon steaming hot with rice, sprouts and sambal — the black broth, the tender beef and the fresh crunch are the whole point of the dish.

Nutritional Physiology & Benefits

Nutrition

Energy

654

kcal / serving

Protein

51g

Complete AA

Carbs

19g

Complex

Fats

43g

Healthy

Per serving (4 servings · 1 serving ≈ 450 g)
Energy654 kcal
Protein51 g
Carbohydrates19 g
Fat43 g
Fibre3.9 g
Sugar8.3 g
Sodium637 mg
Per 100g
Energy145 kcal
Protein11.3 g
Carbohydrates4.2 g
Fat9.5 g
Fibre0.9 g
Sugar1.8 g
Sodium141 mg

Nutrition values are estimated — calculated from USDA FoodData Central values for the listed ingredients.

Vitamins & minerals: Iron and zinc (beef), vitamin B12 and niacin (beef), vitamin C (bean sprouts, chillies), vitamin K (spring onions).

High in Protein

About 50.9 g of protein per serving from the beef keeps you full for hours.

Iron-Rich Beef

Beef is a natural source of iron and vitamin B12, which support normal red blood cell formation.

Fresh Garnishes

Raw bean sprouts and spring onions add vitamin C and crunch with almost no calories.

Food Pairings

What to Eat With

To optimize nutrient absorption and elevate the sensory depth, pair with these authentic accompaniments:

Sides

Steamed White Rice

Rice is the traditional partner — it soaks up the dark broth and turns the soup into a full meal.

Vegetables

Bean Sprouts

Crisp raw sprouts on top give the rich, dark soup a fresh crunch that it needs.

Sauces

Sambal

A spoon of chilli sambal on the side lets each person set their own heat — the broth itself is only mildly spicy.

Drinks

Sweet Iced Tea

Cold sweet tea is the classic warung drink with rawon — it cools the chilli and balances the rich broth.

Complete menu

Rawon with steamed rice, bean sprouts, fried shallots, sambal and sweet iced tea.

Digestive Guardrails

What NOT to Combine

To prevent digestive distress, sluggishness, or palate clash, avoid pairing the dish with these elements:

Tasting Raw Keluak

Keluak nuts are poisonous when raw and must be boiled and then cooked in the soup before eating — never taste the flesh before it is cooked. This is general food-safety information, not medical advice.

A Second Large Bowl Straight Away

At about 654 kcal a serving before rice, rawon is an energy-dense meal — take one bowl and wait before deciding on more. This is general nutrition information, not medical advice.

General information only, not medical advice — consult a doctor for personal dietary decisions.

Who Should Eat It

Who Should Eat

  • General adultsA rich, filling dinner; one bowl with rice is a full meal.
  • ChildrenMildly spicy as written; serve a small bowl with extra rice and leave the sambal off.
  • ElderlyThe beef is simmered until very tender and easy to chew; serve the broth hot.
  • Pregnant womenFine when the beef is cooked through; skip the raw bean sprouts and use blanched ones instead.
  • Breastfeeding womenA protein-rich, filling meal; the beef and rice give lasting energy.
  • AthletesAbout 50.9 g of protein per serving makes this a strong post-training dinner.
  • Weight gainAn energy-dense dinner that suits a higher-energy day, especially with rice.
  • Weight lossRich and filling; choose a smaller bowl with more sprouts and less rice.

Health Conditions — Adjust or Avoid

Conditions

  • DiabetesAbout 19.0 g of carbohydrate per serving before rice; rice adds more, so watch the rice portion and ask your clinician about portion size.
  • High blood pressureAbout 637 mg of sodium per serving, mostly from the salt and shrimp paste; ask your clinician if you are on a low-sodium plan.
  • Kidney diseaseHigh in protein and moderately high in sodium; ask your clinician whether this portion suits your plan.
  • GoutBeef is moderately high in purines; a smaller portion is the safer choice — ask your clinician.
  • Stomach issuesA rich, spiced broth with chilli and shrimp paste can irritate a sensitive stomach; keep the portion modest.
  • Cardiovascular diseaseHigh in saturated fat from the beef; keep portions modest and load up on the sprouts.
  • Fatty liverAn energy-dense, fatty soup; a smaller bowl with more vegetables is the lighter way to enjoy it.
  • Food allergiesContains shellfish (shrimp paste) and tree nuts (candlenuts, keluak) — the main allergens in this recipe.
  • Special therapeutic dietsFollow your clinician's guidance on protein and sodium portions; this is general information, not medical advice.

If you have a medical condition, consult your doctor before changing your diet.

Storage & Use

Storage & Use

How to store
Cool the soup completely, then store the broth and beef together in a covered container in the fridge; keep the sprouts and fried shallots separate.
In the fridge
3 days in the fridge.
In the freezer
Up to 3 months; the beef and broth freeze well.
How to reheat
Reheat in a pot until it boils, then simmer until the soup is hot through, about 74°C (165°F); add the fresh sprouts only when serving.
Freezing recommended
Yes — rawon freezes very well, and the flavour deepens after a day in the fridge.
Signs it has spoiled
Sour smell, slimy beef, or mould on the surface.

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